Architecture for software for remote maintenance of a machine such as a copier

ABSTRACT

Software in a computer which accesses one or more software-intensive devices, such as a digital copier or printer, is organized in a set of layers. A device-dependent layer converts data transferred over various means, such as a modem or network, to a uniform data format. A protocol layer converts data from a particular accessed machine to a set of function calls. A system interface associated with the computer restricts a user of the computer to seeing only a subset of function calls, depending permissions granted to a particular user. The modular architecture of the software enables a system administrator to restrict a user to viewing machine status for a specific set of machines on a network, or limits the user to viewing only a certain set of functionalities from a particular machine.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to software for interactive communicationwith a machine, such as a copier or printer, enabling remote statusinquires and maintenance of the machine. Specifically, the presentinvention relates to a specific architecture for such software whichfacilitates many practical advantages.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

With the increasing sophistication of office equipment, such as digitalcopiers, printers, facsimiles, as well as devices which combine many ofthese functions, individual devices become more and more softwareintensive. Much of the functionality associated with a particular devicedwells in the software of the device, and functionalities of a devicecan be monitored, improved or increased via the machine software.Preferably, such software access could be performed, for example, by atech rep attending the device and plugging in a personal computer orlaptop into the device for direct access to or downloading of software;or, the software could be accessed or installed in a device remotely,over a network.

Whatever the specific physical means used to access the internalsoftware of a particular machine, it is most desirable to provide acommon “application” enabling a human user to view and if necessaryalter the machine conditions through the user's computer. It is mostdesirable that the application for interacting with a particular machinebe indifferent to the specific physical means (network, modem, directconnection, IR, etc.) by which a particular machine is accessed.

Further, it is likely that a relatively large population of machines,such as digital copiers or printers, may be accessed in various ways bya relatively large population of human users or administrators.Depending on the level of interaction with the internal software ofvarious machines, it may be desirable to give some human users, such asadministrators, fairly detailed access to the internal software of aparticular machine (e.g., voltage levels within the printer hardware,analysis of the long-term use of the machine), while other users aregiven only limited access to only the most basic software functions(e.g., simply determining whether a printer is available for use). Ofcourse, there is also a necessity to give some users access to only somemachines, with different users access to other machines. There is thus aneed to set-up what is in effect “read” and “write” privileges relatingvarious users to specific functions within various machines.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,038,319; 5,057,866; 5,138,377; and U.S. Pat. No.5,339,168 are examples of basic concepts of “remote interactivecommunication” with machines such as printers and copiers.

The article by Bylinsky, “Fixing Machines From Afar,” Fortune, Aug. 17,1998, page 174[B], describes a number of techniques currently availablefor remote repair, diagnostics, and maintenance of various complicatedmachines.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided aprogram, operable on at least one computer, for accessing machinesoftware operative of a machine. A protocol layer converts data derivedfrom the machine software to a set of function calls, the function callsbeing exportable to an application for viewing on a user interface. Asystem interface applies a set of permissions to the function calls fromthe protocol layer, whereby only a permitted subset of function callsmay be exported to an application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified systems diagram showing various techniques foraccessing machine-based software for purposes of remote repair,diagnostics, and maintenance; and

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the architecture of the software accordingto the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram showing how a number of reasonablycomplex machines, in this case digital copiers 10 a, 10 b, can beaccessed in various ways while they are being used by customers. Inbrief, machines such as digital copiers include a great deal of internalsoftware for operation of the electromechanical systems therein. Thisinternal software can be accessed in various ways, such as to detectfailures, determine when regular maintenance is necessary, and even toalter the operation of the machine remotely.

Typically, in the context of office equipment, there are any number ofways in which the internal software of a machine such as 10 a, 10 bcould be accessed. As most digital printing equipment is based on anetwork, the machine could give access to its internal software througha network 12 which connects to any one of a number of computers such as20 a, which may be located anywhere in the world. A customer serviceengineer (CSE) or “tech rep” can come out the customer site and directlycouple his laptop computer, such as 20 b, directly to a port in themachine 10 a, or a computer such as 20 c can interface with the machine10 a through a modem 14, using telephone lines. Alternately, a tech repcan access a suitably-equipped machine such as 10 b with an infrared(IR) communication link, as shown.

The present invention is a software architecture which allows differentusers to have different levels of interaction with different machines,and also allows certain users to access only a subset of machines neededfor particular business purposes. Also, the present inventionfacilitates a common “application” for user interface, which can be usedby all users, whether remote or directly connected to the particularmachine, in which the actual connection to the machine is essentiallyinvisible to the user.

FIG. 2 shows the basic architecture of the software according to thepresent invention. As shown, the software is generally indicated as 20,which is intended to mean that the software 20 can reside on any type ofpersonal computer or laptop such as the computers 20 a, 20 b, 20 c, or20 d in FIG. 1, or even on the user interface of a machine itself. Onceagain it is an essential feature of the present invention that the basicsoftware can reside on any computer and needs only minimal modificationsdepending on whether the software is for remote, network, modem, orother kind of access to one or more machines.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, thesoftware residing on a particular computer 20 has four layers.Significantly, according to the present invention, these four layers aredistinct from each other in that they interface with each otherexclusively through distinct channels, so that, for example, informationin a particular level must travel through intervening layers in order toget to another layer, as shown. (It is also conceivable that differentlayers can reside on different “computers” or CPUs, with for instanceone layer on a tech rep's lap-top and another layer operating on the CPUwithin a machine 10 itself.) Device-dependent layer 22 interacts througha port 24 with the machine software in a particular machine 10. (In thecontext of office equipment a particular machine 10 may further includea quantity of memory in a “consumer replaceable unit monitor,” or CRUM,indicated as 11 and which will be explained in detail below.) Forpurposes of the present discussion, the port 24 can be any type ofmachine interface suitable for accessing the machine software: the port24 could be a direct cable connection, a network, a modem, IR interface,etc.

The function of the device-dependent layer 22 is to convert data from amachine 10 coming through port 24 to a uniform format, regardless of theparticular mechanism of port 24. For example, if the port 24 is aninfrared link, the actual binary data from a particular machine 10 maybe of a specific format in order to enable the IR link; yet anotherformat for port 24 may be required when the data from machine software10 is sent over the internet (in the claims herein, the differentformats for different communication means are called “port formats”).The device-dependent layer 22 converts the data from port 24 to astandard format, so that the rest of the system is thereby indifferentto the physical nature of the port 24. In brief, device-dependent layer22 may include any number of lookup tables for converting raw data fromone of any number of port formats into a standard format.

Once the data from machine 10 is converted by device-dependent layer 22to a standard format, the data can be accessed by what is here called aprotocol layer 26. Protocol layer 26 packages data so that the source ofthe data (in this context, a particular machine 10), and the destinationof the data (typically a particular application program on a particularcomputer 12, the computer itself possibly being on a network), alongwith the suitable data format, can be determined. Protocol layer 26 isthus essentially a set of application programming interfaces, or API's,which convert the data in standard format from device-dependent layer 22into a series of function calls, which could be accessed by anapplication program for viewing through a user interface, such as on acomputer 20.

System interface 28 determines what data from protocol layer 26 can beexported to a particular client, and converts the data from protocollayer 26 to a client-desired format for viewing. The system interface 28thus requires a set of permissions which match the ID's of a particularuser using a particular computer 20 with the ID's of particular machines10 to which the particular computer 20 can access; further, the systeminterface 28 can allow a particular user to access only a subset of allpossible function calls which are present in protocol layer 26. Thesepermissions can be essentially permanently associated with a particularcomputer 20, or can be established over a large number of computersthrough a system administrator, through means known in the art.

The top level of the software in computer 20 is an application layer 30.Basically, the application layer 30 is simply a user interface programby which a permitted subset of function calls (that is, the functioncalls which system interface 28 permits a particular user to view fromprotocol layer 26) can be viewed by a human user. The human user can bea systems administrator, a customer service engineer or “tech rep,” orthe end user of a particular machine.

When a user (whether a tech rep, systems administrator, end user, orthird-party tech rep) accesses a machine through computer 20, the usertypically submits via application layer 30 a user ID and/or an IDrelating to a particular machine desired to be accessed. It is possiblethat submission of a user ID to system interface 28 may cause systeminterface 28 to automatically identify one or more machines on a networkthat user is permitted to access. The system interface 28 alsoidentifies, based on the user ID, which subset of function calls,relating to which functionalities in a machine 10, the particular useris permitted to access. Typical “functionalities” which relate to thefunction of a machine 10 that a user may wish to view include (in theoffice-equipment context) the number of prints output since last access;average number of prints per day; fault codes recently generated by themachine's internal software; and information about replacement ofvarious parts. Each of these functionalities relate to one or morefunction calls which are made available by the protocol layer, havingbeen ultimately derived from the machine software 10.

However, in real-world situations, it may be desirable to permit, forinstance, only systems administrators, and not end users, to viewcertain information. Also, function calls can, in a preferredembodiment, be used to send data to machine software, such as to resetor correct the operation of a particular machine; one would want torestrict the ability to move data to the machine software to qualifiedtech reps. For this reason, it is important that the permissions systemin system interface 28 be able to restrict to which machines a user hasaccess, and also which functionalities a user is allowed to access oruse in a machine.

Because system interface 28 can use a system of permissions to permitaccess by a particular user using computer 20 to only a particularmachine or set of machines 10, and/or a particular set of function callsfrom protocol layer 26, facilitates any number of important businessarrangements which are useful particularly in the office equipmentindustry. For example, the permissions within system interface 28 can bedesigned to restrict the operation of a particular computer 20 to, forexample, direct connection only, preventing a particular computer 20from remotely accessing a particular machine 10 such as through anetwork 12 or even through a modem 14. The system interface canselectably restrict a particular computer 20 from accepting certainsoftware upgrades or wizards such as available through network 12.

Also shown in FIG. 2 between various layers such as protocol layer 26system interface 28 is capability for exchanges of “internal ID's”between various layers. For instance, there could be a provision thatthe system interface 28 can obtain a particular function call fromprotocol layer 26 only by submitting an internal ID number from thesystem interface 28 to protocol layer 26; such an arrangement could be avehicle for restricting a particular user from accessing function callsin protocol layer 26 relating to certain non-permitted functionalities.To take another example, submission of a certain user ID or machine IDto application layer 30 may cause application layer 30 to activatesuitable internal ID's for accessing function calls through systeminterface 28. Application 30 may have to submit an internal ID (whichmay be tied to the particular hardware on which application 30 resides)to system interface 28 to obtain any access to system interface 28.

The internal ID system can be used to facilitate certain types of userestrictions on certain computers 20: for instance, if a particularcomputer 20 is resticted to local use only, device-dependent layer 22may require submission of an internal ID (ultimately from systeminterface 28, where it may not exist, if the particular computer 20 isrestricted) to device-dependent layer 22 before activating parts thereofwhich enable remote (network or modem) connections to a machine.Preferably, this exchange of an internal ID between these two layers iscompletely invisible to a user viewing application 30. This featuremakes a computer 20 operating machine 10 substantially more difficult to“hack,” that is, to permit a user to obtain access to functionalities inthe machine software to which he has not been given access.

Also, for various reasons it may be desirable to require internal ID'sto be submitted “upwards” in the direction of the Figure: for instance,device-dependent layer 22 may have to submit an internal ID relating toa particular machine 10 up to system interface 28 (via protocol layer26, in the illustrated embodiment), as a means of preventing a machine10 which is not on a service contract from sending a hardware errormessage ultimately to an application 30.

In terms of restricting the particular functionalities, in terms of setsof function calls from protocol layer 26, to which a particular user canhave access, typical types of function calls which would be restrictedto a particular user may include: the billing data; a customer profile(that is, a record of how often a particular customer is using aparticular machine); and data which may be stored in the customerreplaceable unit monitor (CRUM) 11 which is installed in the machine 10.Very often, particularly in office equipment, a replaceable unit in themachine, such as a toner cartridge or fuser unit, may include a chipthereon, typically comprising an EEPROM, which functions as a “odometer”for the replaceable part (showing the accumulated wear or use of thepart), or else may contain information relating to the desired use ofthe particular part (e.g., how much voltage should be sent to the part).

While this invention has been described in conjunction with variousembodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, andvariations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, itis intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, andvariations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A program, operable on at least one computer, foraccessing machine software operative of a machine, comprising: aprotocol layer for converting data derived from the machine software toa set of function calls, the function calls being exportable to anapplication for viewing on a user interface; and a system interface forapplying a set of permissions to the function calls from the protocollayer, whereby only a permitted subset of function calls may be exportedto an application, wherein a subset of permissions restrict access tobilling data associated with the machine.
 2. The program of claim 1,wherein the system interface submits an internal ID to the protocollayer in order to access a particular function call.
 3. The program ofclaim 1, further including an application layer interfacing with thesystem interface, the application layer creating a user interface, theapplication accessing function calls from the protocol layer exclusivelythrough the system interface.